在道路維修與再造工程中，樹(shù)根區(qū)域因其復(fù)雜的地下環(huán)境與生態(tài)敏感性，成為冷再生機(jī)施工需重點(diǎn)避讓的區(qū)域。通過(guò)精準(zhǔn)識(shí)別、工藝調(diào)整與質(zhì)量監(jiān)控，可有效保護(hù)樹(shù)木根系，同時(shí)確保再生層施工質(zhì)量。本文將系統(tǒng)闡述冷再生機(jī)在樹(shù)根區(qū)域施工的關(guān)鍵避讓技巧。

　　In road maintenance and reconstruction projects, the tree root area has become a key area to avoid during the construction of cold recycling machines due to its complex underground environment and ecological sensitivity. By precise identification, process adjustment, and quality monitoring, tree roots can be effectively protected while ensuring the construction quality of the regeneration layer. This article will systematically explain the key avoidance techniques for the construction of cold regeneration machines in tree root areas.

　　一、樹(shù)根區(qū)域精準(zhǔn)識(shí)別技術(shù)

　　1、 Accurate recognition technology for tree root area

　　地質(zhì)雷達(dá)探測(cè)

　　Geological radar detection

　　施工前采用地質(zhì)雷達(dá)對(duì)作業(yè)區(qū)域進(jìn)行掃描，通過(guò)電磁波反射特征識(shí)別樹(shù)根位置與埋深。該技術(shù)可探測(cè)直徑大于2cm的根系，定位誤差控制在±5cm以內(nèi)，為路徑規(guī)劃提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐。

　　Before construction, geological radar is used to scan the work area and identify the location and burial depth of tree roots through electromagnetic wave reflection characteristics. This technology can detect root systems with a diameter greater than 2cm, with a positioning error controlled within ± 5cm, providing data support for path planning.

　　標(biāo)記與隔離

　　Marking and isolation

　　根據(jù)探測(cè)結(jié)果，在樹(shù)冠投影邊緣外延1.5米范圍設(shè)置警戒區(qū)，采用柔性警示樁與熒光噴涂進(jìn)行雙重標(biāo)記。對(duì)于胸徑超過(guò)30cm的樹(shù)木，需擴(kuò)大隔離范圍至2米。

　　According to the detection results, a warning zone is set up within a range of 1.5 meters beyond the projection edge of the tree crown, using flexible warning posts and fluorescent spraying for dual marking. For trees with a diameter at breast height exceeding 30cm, the isolation range needs to be expanded to 2 meters.

　　二、施工參數(shù)動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整策略

　　2、 Dynamic adjustment strategy for construction parameters

　　銑刨深度控制

　　Milling depth control

　　在樹(shù)根區(qū)域邊緣，采用階梯式減深工藝，每米進(jìn)深銑刨深度遞減2cm，至警戒區(qū)邊界時(shí)深度保留設(shè)計(jì)值的60%。這種漸變過(guò)渡可減少對(duì)淺層根系的擾動(dòng)。

　　At the edge of the tree root area, a stepped depth reduction process is adopted, with a milling depth decreasing by 2cm per meter of depth. When reaching the boundary of the warning zone, the depth is retained at 60% of the design value. This gradual transition can reduce disturbance to shallow root systems.

　　行駛速度優(yōu)化

　　Driving speed optimization

　　將常規(guī)施工速度從5m/min降至2-3m/min，通過(guò)冷再生機(jī)智能控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)速度的平滑過(guò)渡。在警戒區(qū)內(nèi)，采用“蛇形”走位，避免直線碾壓對(duì)根系的集中壓力。

　　Reduce the conventional construction speed from 5m/min to 2-3m/min and achieve a smooth transition in speed through the intelligent control system of the cold recycling machine. Within the warning zone, adopt a "snake like" positioning to avoid concentrated pressure on the root system caused by straight-line crushing.

　　刀具組合創(chuàng)新

　　Innovation in Tool Combination

　　更換為窄幅刀具組，刀間距縮小至常規(guī)值的70%，減少單次銑刨寬度。在樹(shù)根密集區(qū)域，采用“跳刀”工藝，間隔50cm進(jìn)行局部再生，降低對(duì)根系的切割風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　Replace with a narrow cutting tool set, reduce the tool spacing to 70% of the conventional value, and decrease the width of a single milling operation. In areas with dense tree roots, the "jumping knife" technique is used to perform local regeneration at intervals of 50cm, reducing the risk of cutting the roots.

　　三、特殊工藝應(yīng)用

　　3、 Special Process Applications

　　人工輔助剝離

　　Manual assisted peeling

　　對(duì)于探測(cè)到的直徑大于5cm的樹(shù)根，采用人工風(fēng)鎬進(jìn)行保護(hù)性剝離，保留30cm厚度的原生土作為根系緩沖層。剝離后的根孔采用冷補(bǔ)料回填，防止塌陷。

　　For tree roots with a diameter greater than 5cm detected, artificial air picks are used for protective stripping, and 30cm thick native soil is retained as a root buffer layer. The stripped root hole is backfilled with cold patching material to prevent collapse.

　　振動(dòng)隔離技術(shù)

　　Vibration isolation technology

　　在冷再生機(jī)與地面接觸部位加裝橡膠減震塊，將振動(dòng)加速度降低。對(duì)于古樹(shù)名木，需在樹(shù)基周?chē)佋O(shè)2米寬的泡沫玻璃板，形成振動(dòng)隔離帶。

　　Install rubber shock absorbers at the contact area between the cold regeneration machine and the ground to reduce vibration acceleration. For ancient and famous trees, it is necessary to lay a 2m wide foam glass plate around the tree base to form a vibration isolation belt.

　　濕度調(diào)控

　　Humidity control

　　通過(guò)噴灑系統(tǒng)實(shí)施微量補(bǔ)水，保持再生料含水率在最佳值±1%范圍內(nèi)。在樹(shù)根區(qū)域，額外增加0.5%-1%的含水率，利用水的潤(rùn)滑作用減少銑刨阻力。

　　Implement micro water replenishment through a spraying system to maintain the moisture content of the regenerated material within the optimal range of ± 1%. In the root area, an additional 0.5% -1% moisture content is added to reduce milling resistance by utilizing the lubrication effect of water.

　　四、質(zhì)量監(jiān)控與修復(fù)措施

　　4、 Quality monitoring and repair measures

　　實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)

　　Real time monitoring system

　　在冷再生機(jī)作業(yè)臂安裝位移傳感器，實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)銑刨深度，誤差超過(guò)預(yù)設(shè)值時(shí)自動(dòng)報(bào)警。采用紅外熱像儀檢測(cè)再生層溫度，確保均勻性。

　　Install displacement sensors on the working arm of the cold recycling machine to monitor the milling depth in real-time, and automatically sound an alarm when the error exceeds the preset value. Using an infrared thermal imager to detect the temperature of the regeneration layer and ensure uniformity.

　　生態(tài)檢測(cè)

　　Ecological testing

　　施工后7天內(nèi)，每日檢測(cè)樹(shù)木葉片電導(dǎo)率，數(shù)值超過(guò)閾值時(shí)啟動(dòng)應(yīng)急補(bǔ)水。對(duì)于出現(xiàn)萎蔫的樹(shù)木，采用樹(shù)干注射營(yíng)養(yǎng)液的方式進(jìn)行搶救。

　　Within 7 days after construction, the electrical conductivity of tree leaves should be tested daily, and emergency water replenishment should be initiated when the value exceeds the threshold. For trees that have wilted, the method of injecting nutrient solution into the trunk is used for rescue.

　　缺陷修復(fù)

　　Defect repair

　　對(duì)于因施工造成的根系暴露，立即用濕潤(rùn)草炭土覆蓋，厚度不小于10cm。再生層出現(xiàn)的局部離析，采用冷補(bǔ)瀝青混合料進(jìn)行點(diǎn)補(bǔ)，確保平整度。

　　For root exposure caused by construction, immediately cover it with moist peat soil with a thickness of not less than 10cm. For local segregation in the regeneration layer, use cold patching asphalt mixture for spot patching to ensure flatness.

　　五、環(huán)境協(xié)調(diào)與長(zhǎng)效保護(hù)

　　5、 Environmental coordination and long-term protection

　　根系保護(hù)層施工

　　Construction of root protection layer

　　在再生層與樹(shù)穴之間澆筑20cm厚的陶?；炷吝^(guò)渡層，既保證排水通暢，又形成物理屏障。表面鋪設(shè)土工布，防止再生料中的細(xì)粒料侵入根系區(qū)。

　　Pour a 20cm thick transition layer of ceramic aggregate concrete between the regeneration layer and the tree hole to ensure smooth drainage and form a physical barrier. Lay geotextile on the surface to prevent fine particles from entering the root zone of recycled materials.

　　智能養(yǎng)護(hù)系統(tǒng)

　　Intelligent maintenance system

　　在樹(shù)基周?chē)裨O(shè)土壤溫濕度傳感器，通過(guò)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺(tái)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控。當(dāng)含水率低于15%時(shí)，自動(dòng)啟動(dòng)滴灌系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)水，維持根系活性。

　　Bury soil temperature and humidity sensors around the tree base and monitor them in real-time through an IoT platform. When the moisture content is below 15%, the drip irrigation system will automatically start to replenish water and maintain root activity.

　　冷再生機(jī)在樹(shù)根區(qū)域施工需建立“探測(cè)-避讓-保護(hù)-修復(fù)”的全周期管理體系，通過(guò)參數(shù)優(yōu)化、工藝創(chuàng)新與智能監(jiān)控，實(shí)現(xiàn)工程建設(shè)與生態(tài)保護(hù)的平衡。隨著非破壞性檢測(cè)技術(shù)與生態(tài)修復(fù)材料的發(fā)展，樹(shù)根區(qū)域施工將向更精準(zhǔn)、更環(huán)保的方向演進(jìn)，為城市更新提供可持續(xù)的解決方案。

　　The construction of cold recycling machines in tree root areas requires the establishment of a full cycle management system of "detection avoidance protection restoration", which achieves a balance between engineering construction and ecological protection through parameter optimization, process innovation, and intelligent monitoring. With the development of non-destructive testing technology and ecological restoration materials, the construction of tree root areas will evolve towards more precise and environmentally friendly directions, providing sustainable solutions for urban renewal.

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