撒布車(chē)作為道路建設(shè)和養(yǎng)護(hù)中的重要設(shè)備，其撒布寬度的精準(zhǔn)控制直接影響材料的均勻性和施工質(zhì)量。撒布寬度自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)功能通過(guò)智能化系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)適配，能根據(jù)施工需求和路況變化自動(dòng)調(diào)整撒布范圍，既提高作業(yè)效率，又減少材料浪費(fèi)，其工作原理涉及多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的協(xié)同運(yùn)作。

　　As an important equipment in road construction and maintenance, the precise control of the spreading width of the spreader directly affects the uniformity of materials and construction quality. The automatic adjustment function of the spreading width is dynamically adapted through an intelligent system, which can automatically adjust the spreading range according to construction needs and road conditions changes, improving work efficiency and reducing material waste. Its working principle involves the collaborative operation of multiple links.

　　感應(yīng)檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)是自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)的 “感知器官”，負(fù)責(zé)收集外界信息并傳遞給控制系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)通常由超聲波傳感器、激光雷達(dá)或攝像頭組成，安裝在撒布車(chē)的前端或兩側(cè)。在作業(yè)過(guò)程中，傳感器持續(xù)掃描道路邊界、障礙物及施工區(qū)域范圍，實(shí)時(shí)獲取路面寬度、邊緣位置等數(shù)據(jù)。例如，在道路拓寬施工中，傳感器能識(shí)別新舊路面的交界線，確定需要撒布的區(qū)域?qū)挾?；遇到路邊護(hù)欄、電線桿等障礙物時(shí)，傳感器可快速捕捉障礙位置，計(jì)算出需要避讓的寬度。這些數(shù)據(jù)以電信號(hào)的形式實(shí)時(shí)傳輸至車(chē)載控制系統(tǒng)，為寬度調(diào)節(jié)提供決策依據(jù)，確保調(diào)節(jié)動(dòng)作的及時(shí)性和準(zhǔn)確性。

　　The induction detection system is an automatically adjustable "perception organ" responsible for collecting external information and transmitting it to the control system. The system typically consists of ultrasonic sensors, LiDAR, or cameras, installed at the front or sides of the spreader. During the homework process, sensors continuously scan road boundaries, obstacles, and construction areas to obtain real-time data such as road width and edge position. For example, in road widening construction, sensors can identify the boundary between new and old road surfaces and determine the width of the area that needs to be spread; When encountering obstacles such as roadside guardrails and utility poles, sensors can quickly capture the position of the obstacles and calculate the width that needs to be avoided. These data are transmitted in real-time to the onboard control system in the form of electrical signals, providing decision-making basis for width adjustment and ensuring the timeliness and accuracy of adjustment actions.

　　控制系統(tǒng)作為 “大腦中樞”，承擔(dān)數(shù)據(jù)處理和指令下達(dá)的核心任務(wù)。其內(nèi)置的微處理器會(huì)對(duì)感應(yīng)系統(tǒng)傳來(lái)的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析計(jì)算，結(jié)合預(yù)設(shè)的撒布參數(shù)（如材料類(lèi)型、撒布厚度），確定最佳的撒布寬度?？刂葡到y(tǒng)中存儲(chǔ)有不同施工場(chǎng)景的調(diào)節(jié)算法，例如在直線段作業(yè)時(shí)，系統(tǒng)會(huì)保持撒布寬度穩(wěn)定；進(jìn)入彎道時(shí)，算法會(huì)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑自動(dòng)收縮內(nèi)側(cè)撒布寬度，避免材料撒出道路范圍。同時(shí)，控制系統(tǒng)還具備人機(jī)交互功能，操作人員可通過(guò)控制面板設(shè)定目標(biāo)寬度或選擇自動(dòng)模式，系統(tǒng)會(huì)在自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)過(guò)程中實(shí)時(shí)顯示當(dāng)前撒布寬度、傳感器狀態(tài)等信息，便于操作人員監(jiān)控和干預(yù)。

　　The control system, as the "brain center", undertakes the core tasks of data processing and instruction issuance. The built-in microprocessor will analyze and calculate the data transmitted by the sensing system, and determine the optimal spreading width based on preset spreading parameters such as material type and spreading thickness. The control system stores adjustment algorithms for different construction scenarios, such as maintaining a stable spreading width during straight-line operations; When entering a bend, the algorithm will automatically shrink the inner spreading width based on the turning radius to avoid material scattering out of the road area. At the same time, the control system also has human-computer interaction function. The operator can set the target width or select the automatic mode through the control panel. The system will display real-time information such as the current spreading width and sensor status during the automatic adjustment process, which is convenient for the operator to monitor and intervene.

　　執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)是實(shí)現(xiàn)寬度調(diào)節(jié)的 “執(zhí)行手腳”，根據(jù)控制系統(tǒng)的指令完成機(jī)械動(dòng)作。撒布車(chē)的撒布裝置（如料斗、螺旋布料器、撒布盤(pán)）通常配備液壓或電動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)的伸縮機(jī)構(gòu)，當(dāng)接收到調(diào)節(jié)指令時(shí)，驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置會(huì)帶動(dòng)撒布部件進(jìn)行橫向伸縮或角度調(diào)整。例如，對(duì)于采用撒布盤(pán)的設(shè)備，每個(gè)撒布盤(pán)可獨(dú)立控制，需要縮小寬度時(shí)，外側(cè)的撒布盤(pán)通過(guò)液壓桿收回并停止工作；需要擴(kuò)大寬度時(shí)，隱藏的撒布盤(pán)伸出并啟動(dòng)，通過(guò)增減工作撒布盤(pán)的數(shù)量實(shí)現(xiàn)寬度調(diào)節(jié)。對(duì)于螺旋布料器，其兩側(cè)的擋板可通過(guò)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)橫向移動(dòng)，改變布料范圍，確保材料均勻分布在設(shè)定寬度內(nèi)。執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的響應(yīng)速度直接影響調(diào)節(jié)精度，優(yōu)質(zhì)的驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置能在 0.5-1 秒內(nèi)完成動(dòng)作，避免因調(diào)節(jié)滯后導(dǎo)致的撒布不均。

　　The actuator is the "executing hand and foot" that realizes width adjustment, and completes mechanical actions according to the instructions of the control system. The spreading device of the spreading vehicle (such as hopper, spiral feeder, spreading disc) is usually equipped with a hydraulic or electric driven telescopic mechanism. When receiving an adjustment command, the driving device will drive the spreading component to perform lateral extension or angle adjustment. For example, for equipment that uses spreading disks, each spreading disk can be independently controlled. When the width needs to be reduced, the outer spreading disk is retracted and stops working through a hydraulic rod; When it is necessary to expand the width, the hidden spreading plate extends and starts, and the width adjustment is achieved by increasing or decreasing the number of working spreading plates. For the spiral fabric dispenser, the baffles on both sides can be driven laterally by a motor to change the fabric range and ensure that the material is evenly distributed within the set width. The response speed of the actuator directly affects the adjustment accuracy. A high-quality driving device can complete the action within 0.5-1 second, avoiding uneven spreading caused by adjustment lag.

　　反饋校正機(jī)制是保障調(diào)節(jié)精度的 “修正系統(tǒng)”，能對(duì)實(shí)際撒布效果進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)并修正偏差。該機(jī)制通過(guò)安裝在撒布裝置后方的質(zhì)量傳感器（如紅外料厚檢測(cè)儀），實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)已撒布區(qū)域的材料分布寬度和厚度，將數(shù)據(jù)反饋至控制系統(tǒng)。若檢測(cè)到實(shí)際撒布寬度與設(shè)定值存在偏差（如因路面不平導(dǎo)致局部撒布過(guò)寬或過(guò)窄），控制系統(tǒng)會(huì)立即計(jì)算修正量，向執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)下達(dá)微調(diào)指令，直至實(shí)際寬度與目標(biāo)值一致。例如，在起伏較大的鄉(xiāng)村道路作業(yè)時(shí)，反饋機(jī)制能補(bǔ)償因車(chē)身顛簸造成的撒布偏移，確保整體寬度均勻，這種閉環(huán)控制模式大幅提升了自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)的可靠性。

　　The feedback correction mechanism is a "correction system" that ensures the accuracy of adjustment, which can monitor the actual spreading effect and correct deviations. This mechanism uses a quality sensor installed behind the spreading device (such as an infrared material thickness detector) to real-time detect the material distribution width and thickness in the spread area, and feedback the data to the control system. If a deviation is detected between the actual spreading width and the set value (such as local spreading being too wide or too narrow due to uneven road surface), the control system will immediately calculate the correction amount and issue a fine adjustment command to the actuator until the actual width is consistent with the target value. For example, when working on rural roads with large undulations, the feedback mechanism can compensate for the spreading deviation caused by vehicle bumps, ensuring uniform overall width. This closed-loop control mode greatly improves the reliability of automatic adjustment.

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